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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:25 am
Time: 3:25 am
Results for human slavery
5 results foundAuthor: Bricknell, Samantha Title: Exploring the feasibility of an enhanced monitoring program on human trafficking and slavery Summary: The implementation of measures to improve and standardise the collection of statistical information on human trafficking and slavery is listed as an Action Item in the Australian Government's National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2015-19 (AGD 2015). The key outcome attached to this Action Item is the development of an enhanced monitoring program on human trafficking, slavery and slavery-like practices. As part of its Human Trafficking and Slavery Research Program, the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) has undertaken an examination of the feasibility and logistics of monitoring human trafficking and slavery as it affects Australia and the options available to perform this monitoring activity. The ultimate purpose of the exercise was to: develop a conceptual framework and dataset that provides a more comprehensive description of human trafficking and slavery than is currently available; and determine if such a monitoring program is practical or whether other monitoring options should be considered. The AIC determined six critical steps to fulfil the examination; that is: the establishment and refinement of a conceptual framework, indicator themes and associated indicators; a stocktake and evaluation of data that is collated from relevant government and non-government agencies; an assessment of the data that is needed to support information requirements; configuration of a proposed monitoring program-selected indicators and data sources; the development of a data collection tool and data specifications; and an assessment of the program's readiness for implementation, including pilot testing. In this report, the findings from the first four steps of the development phase (defined as Phase One) are described, as well as alternative options for monitoring human trafficking and slavery. Phase Two, which will proceed if stakeholders opt for the enhanced monitoring program, will involve the development and pilot testing of the data collection tool(s) and associated processes. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical and background paper series no.59: Accessed March 4, 2015 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tbp/tbp059/tbp059.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tbp/tbp059/tbp059.pdf Shelf Number: 134746 Keywords: Child Sexual ExploitationChild TraffickingHuman SlaveryHuman Trafficking (Australia)Sexual Exploitation |
Author: Balarezo, Christine A. Title: Selling Humans: the Political Economy of Contemporary Global Slavery Summary: Human trafficking is a growing illegal crime, both in terms of numbers and profits. Thus, important to consider, as it is a human rights, political, criminal justice, national security, and economic issue. Previous studies have these examined these human trafficking factors independently, yet none have really taken into account how they work simultaneously. This study examines why human trafficker continues to occur, particularly at the domestic and transnational level, and also why some countries are better able to effectively deal with this problem in terms of criminalizing human traffickers. It is argued that at the domestic level, traffickers first must take into account the operating costs, illegal risks, bribery, and profits of the business. After considering these basic elements, they then need to consider the world, including economic, political, geographic, and cultural factors that may help facilitate human trafficking. However, human trafficking can occur across large geographic distances, though rare. This is more likely to happen based on the type of human trafficking group, available expatriate or immigrant networks, the origin-transit-destination country connection, or strength of the bilateral economic relationship between origin and destination countries. Finally, looking at why some countries are better able to criminalize traffickers helps us to better understand how human trafficking can be discouraged. In short, conformity of a country's domestic anti-human trafficking law, as well as the degree of enforcement, should increase the probability of criminalizing a human trafficker. These three theoretical arguments help to better understand the nature of the business, and more importantly, why human trafficking continues. Details: Denton, TX: University of North Texas, 2013. 249p. Source: Internet Resource; Dissertation: Accessed April 20, 2015 at: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407818/ Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407818/ Shelf Number: 135280 Keywords: Human SlaveryHuman TraffickingOrganized CrimeSexual Exploitation |
Author: Chuang, Janie A. Title: Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law Summary: The U.S. government has been promoting a greatly expanded legal definition and policy understanding of the problem of human trafficking. Through doctrinal and discursive conflation, it has recast (1) forced labor as trafficking, and (2) trafficking as "slavery." The aggregate effect of these moves is a doctrinally problematic "exploitation creep" that creates two possible trajectories for the anti-trafficking movement. The first favors crime-control-focused approaches that seek ex post perpetrator accountability and victim protection. The second - favored here - targets structural vulnerability to trafficking through strengthened labor frameworks, providing long-overdue substance to States' obligations to prevent trafficking under international law. Details: Washington, DC: American University - Washington College of Law, 2013. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: American University, WCL Research Paper No. 2014-49: Accessed May 30, 2015 at: http://www.upf.edu/gredtiss/_pdf/2013-LLRNConf_Chuang.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.upf.edu/gredtiss/_pdf/2013-LLRNConf_Chuang.pdf Shelf Number: 129963 Keywords: Forced LaborHuman SlaveryHuman Trafficking |
Author: Ewins, James Title: Independent Review of the Overseas Domestic Workers Visa Summary: The government commissioned this review in March 2015 as part of its commitment to stop modern slavery in all its forms. James Ewins was asked to assess how far existing arrangements for the admission of overseas domestic workers are effective in protecting workers from abuse and exploitation, and to make recommendations. The government is carefully considering the report's recommendations and will announce its response in due course. Details: London: HM Government, 2015. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2016 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486532/ODWV_Review_-_Final_Report__6_11_15_.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486532/ODWV_Review_-_Final_Report__6_11_15_.pdf Shelf Number: 138227 Keywords: Domestic WorkersForced LaborHuman SlaveryIllegal Immigrants |
Author: Hoff, Suzanne Title: Engaging the Private Sector to End Human Trafficking: A Resource Guide for NGOs Summary: Anti-trafficking non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and networks have so far not focused much on engaging the private sector on its role in trafficking in human beings (THB). Because the legal definition of human trafficking has historically been restricted to exploitation in the sex industry, anti-trafficking action has, until recently, been largely tackled and framed in the context of women's rights, debates on sex work and within criminal law. This changed in 2000 when the UN Palermo Protocol2 extended the definition of human trafficking to include all forms of forced labour and slavery-like practices in all economic sectors. This has made labour law and relevant stakeholders such as trade unions central to this issue, and has merged debates on human trafficking and forced labour. The EU Anti-trafficking Directive from 2011 reaffirmed this. The legacy of human trafficking being regarded as a problem that is exclusive to the sex industry is still apparent. The majority of the cases identified and registered still relate to exploitation in the sex industry, even though it is known that labour exploitation occurs in many different sectors. More awareness and attention is needed for all forms of human trafficking, which is often still framed as only a criminal justice issue, whilst the relevance of labour rights is underreported. This is also perpetuated by the fact that anti-trafficking organisations - and indeed other stakeholders such as service providers, municipalities and government institutions - have developed collaborative and well-functioning multi-stakeholder networks specifically dealing with prevention and direct support for trafficked persons. Anti-trafficking NGOs, such as members of the European anti-trafficking network La Strada International (LSI), often provide services for trafficked people, such as shelter, medical and legal advice, as well as advocacy directed at states to ensure improved legislation for the rights of trafficked people. Their networks include law enforcement, judiciaries, criminal law experts, social services (women's shelters, psychologists) or immigration officials and organisations that directly deal with the identification, support, court cases, return and reintegration of trafficked persons. The framing of human trafficking in these networks and practices therefore naturally refers to the focus of these stakeholders and relevant laws. The extension of human trafficking so that it is generally understood to include labour exploitation in sectors other than the sex industry has meant that the private sector has become seen as a more important stakeholder in anti-trafficking work. This has now been recognised by all relevant organisations dealing with the fight against human trafficking, as the above quote by the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons indicates. Anti-trafficking NGOs have also started to acknowledge the need to engage the private sector. First, as increasing requests for assistance are received for those exploited in different labour sectors; and second, as they are being confronted with cases in which the private sector plays a role in the exploitation of people. One example of this is the tree workers case in the Czech Republic, where at least 2,000 workers, mainly from Vietnam, but also from Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia and the Ukraine, have been forced to work under very harsh conditions during 2009 and 2010 in the state forest of the Czech Republic, recruited and employed by legal agencies. In the framework of the NGOs & Co project, LSI carried out a survey in 2013, among 27 European anti-trafficking NGOs, including LSI members, assessing their overall level of engagement with the private sector, as well as the perceived obstacles, enablers and lessons learned in partnering with businesses. This assessment revealed that, although 80% of the respondent NGOs have experience in targeting the private sector and claim to see the private sector as one of their key target groups, less than half of the participants in the survey recognised the importance of such work in their Strategic Plans, and only 11% (3 out of 27 organisations) have a specific staff person dedicated to engaging with the private sector. In short, there is little capacity for engagement or indeed knowledge of the different strategies of private sector engagement applied in other civil society networks. Details: Amsterdam: SOMO; LaStrada, 2015. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2016 at: http://lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/3227-Resource%20Guide%20Egnaging%20the%20Private%20Sector%20to%20End%20Human%20Trafficking.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/3227-Resource%20Guide%20Egnaging%20the%20Private%20Sector%20to%20End%20Human%20Trafficking.pdf Shelf Number: 147952 Keywords: Forced LaborHuman SlaveryHuman TraffickingModern Slavery |